Kazakhstan’s President Proposes Major Political Overhaul: Senate Abolition Plan Aims for Unicameral System

Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has unveiled a sweeping reform proposal to dismantle the Senate and restructure parliament into a unicameral, party-list system. The plan, set for a 2027 referendum, marks a significant shift in Kazakhstan’s political landscape.

The move comes as the ruling Amanat party, led by Tokayev, faces declining influence. Once dominant with near-total control of the Mäjilis, the party now holds fewer seats and votes compared to previous decades. In 2023, it secured just over 3.4 million votes, down from five to six million in earlier elections, reflecting a maturing multi-party system.

The proposed reform targets the Senate, an indirectly elected body where two senators per region are chosen by local assemblies and 15 appointed directly by the president. Critics argue this structure consolidates central power, while supporters view it as a step toward greater democratic accountability.

Kazakhstan’s economic progress, including surpassing Russia and China in GDP per capita, is cited as a foundation for political reform. The nation’s 2025 Economic Freedom Index score of 63.8 out of 100 underscores its market-oriented policies, contrasting with the “Mostly Unfree” rankings of neighboring states.

The article draws parallels to Taiwan’s democratization journey, noting Kazakhstan’s strategic uranium reserves and potential global influence. However, it also highlights geopolitical tensions, as Russia and China may view Kazakhstan’s reforms as a threat to their regional sway.

The reform’s success hinges on complementary measures, including independent courts, open media, and civil society engagement. Analysts suggest Kazakhstan could emulate the “Asian Tigers” by balancing economic growth with political evolution.